For API Level 7 and above you may use, How to Determine if Android Device has a Light Sensor, using PackageManager.
1. Get the Default Light Sensor with a Sensor named mySensor.
2. Add the below code to the onCreate method. This will test the mySensor to determine if light sensor is available. It will display a toast as determined.
if (mySensor == null){
Toast.makeText(this, "No Light Sensor Available", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}else{
Toast.makeText(this, "Light Sensor Available", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
3. Compile and run!
Resources: