How to Determine if Android Device has a Microphone

public static final String FEATURE_MICROPHONE was added in API level 8
Feature for getSystemAvailableFeatures() and hasSystemFeature(String).
The device can record audio via a microphone.
Constant Value: "android.hardware.microphone"

1. Get a PackageManager Instance and save to myPackageManager.

2. Create a Boolean Variable named bolMicrophoneSupported

3. Set the Minimum and Target SDK version  to or greater. 

4. In the onCreate method, add the below code. This will return the microphone support to a boolean named bolMicrophoneSupported. It will then display a toast displaying the microphone support on the device to the user.

bolMicrophoneSupported = myPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_MICROPHONE);
if (bolMicrophoneSupported) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Device has a microphone", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "No microphone!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}

5. Compile and run!

Resources:
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/pm/PackageManager.html#FEATURE_MICROPHONE